The Present Simple: Rumus dan Latihan Soal
Present simple (Penjelasan Lengkap dan Ringkas)
1. Fungsi: menyatakan facts, habitual, dan general truth di masa sekarang.
2. Untuk He/She/It, verb diakhiri oleh -s atau -es.
Contoh: I play -> He plays, I go -> She goes
Namun untuk kalimat negative dan question, tidak diakhiri -s atau -es.
Contoh: He doesn't play football. (Dia tidak bermain bola), Does he play football? (Apakah dia bermain bola?)
3. Time marker untuk present simple:
- every ... , contoh: every day, every weekend, every sunday, dan lain lain.
- once, twice, ... a day/in a week/... , contoh: once a day (sehari sekali), twice in a week (dua kali sepekan), three times a week (tiga kali dalam sepekan), dan lain lain.
4. Adverb of frequency untuk present simple:
- always (selalu), usually (biasanya), seldom (jarang), never (tidak pernah), often (sering), dan lain lain.
5. Pola kalimat:
a. Nominal sentence
a1. Positive: Subject + to be + adjective/noun/adverb
a2. Negative: Subject + to be + not + adjective/noun/adverb
a3. Question: to be + Subject + adjective/noun/adverb
Notes: be => am, is, are.
I => am
You => are
They => are
We => are
He => is
She => is
It => is
Contoh kalimat:
a1. Positive
- The sky is blue. (Langit itu biru)
- My cat is cute. (Kucing saya lucu)
- I am happy. (Saya senang)
- They are teachers. (Mereka adalah guru)
- I am a student. (Saya adalah seorang siswa)
- My school is nearby. (Sekolah saya dekat)
- The book is on the table. (Buku itu ada di atas meja)
- She is at the hospital. (Dia berada di rumah sakit)
- Children are curious. (Anak-anak sifatnya ingin tahu)
- Fire is hot. (Api itu panas)
- The fathers' drink is usually coffee. (Minuman para ayah biasanya adalah kopi)
- A farmer is in the field every morning. (Seorang petani berada di ladang setiap pagi)
- She is always late for work. (Dia selalu terlambat ke kantor)
- Mariana is usually on time. (Mariana biasanya tepat waktu)
- Children are curious. (Anak-anak sifatnya ingin tahu)
- Fire is hot. (Api itu panas)
- She is always late for work. (Dia selalu terlambat ke kantor)
- Mariana is usually on time. (Mariana biasanya tepat waktu)
b2. Negative
- Rosma is not happy. (Rosma tidak bahagia)
- He is not a teacher. (Dia bukan seorang guru)
- Fire is not cold. (Api tidak dingin)
- The weather is not always sunny. (Cuaca tidak selalu cerah)
- The store is not open. (Toko itu tidak buka)
- Andy is not usually late for work. (Andy biasanya tidak terlambat datang ke kantor)
- The book is not interesting. (Buku itu tidak menarik)
- The students are not in the classroom. (Para siswa tidak berada di dalam kelas)
a3. Question
- Is the weather sunny today? (Apakah cuaca cerah hari ini?)
- Are cats friendly animals? (Apakah kucing adalah hewan yang ramah/jinak?)
- Is the library open every friday? (Apakah perpustakaan buka setiap hari jumat?)
- Am I late for work? (Apakah saya terlambat masuk kerja)
- Is the movie interesting? (Apakah film itu menarik?)
- Is the traffic bad today? (Apakah lalu lintas buruk hari ini? | Apakah jalanan macet hari ini?)
- Is my tea hot enough? (Apakah teh saya cukup panas?)
b. Verbal sentence
b1. Positive: Subject + Verb1 + Object/Complement
b2. Negative: Subject + do/does + not + Verb1 + Object/Complement
b3. Question: Do/Does + Subject + Verb1 + Object/Complement
Contoh kalimat:
b1. Positive
- I live in a small town. (Saya tinggal di sebuah kota kecil)
- Asrini speaks English fluently. (Asrini berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan lancar)
- They play football twice a week. (Mereka bermain bola dua kali dalam sepekan)
- I speak Arabic. (Saya berbicara bahasa Arab)
- My mother bakes cookies every friday. (Ibu saya membuat kue setiap hari Jumat)
- Plants need water every day. (Tanaman memerlukan air setiap hari)
b2. Negative
- I do not (don't) like spicy food. (Saya tidak suka makanan pedas)
- My mother does not (doesn't) bake cookies today. (Ibu saya tidak membuat kue hari ini)
- Palupi doesn't speak English fluently. (Palupi tidak berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan lancar)
- I don't like coffee. (Saya tidak suka kopi)
- We don't watch TV very often. (Kami tidak menonton TV terlalu sering)
- He doesn't understand Arabic. (Dia tidak mengerti bahasa Arab)
b3. Question
- Do you play football every day? (Apakah kamu bermain bola setiap hari?)
- Does Palupi speak Arabic fluently? (Apakah Palupi berbicara bahasa Arab dengan lancar?)
- Do they live in the small city? (Apakah mereka tinggak di kota kecil?)
- Does he work here? (Apakah ia bekerja di sini?)
- Do these shoes fit you? (Apakah sepatu ini pas untuk anda?)
- Do you visit your mother every weekend? (Apakah kamu mengunjungi ibu Anda setiap akhir pekan?)
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